The forgotten pyramids of Sudan – Al Jazeera English

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Fonte: The forgotten pyramids of Sudan – Al Jazeera English

Pictures of Sudan’s forgotten Nubian pyramids

by Sorin Furcoi
The Meroe Pyramids are located in the northeast of Sudan, near the banks of the Nile river in an area known as Nubia. [Sorin Furcoi/Al Jazeera]

The Meroe Pyramids are located in the northeast of Sudan, near the banks of the Nile river in an area known as Nubia. SORIN FURCOI/AL JAZEERA

Bagrawiyah, Sudan – More than 200km from the Sudanese capital Khartoum, the remains of an ancient city rise from the arid and inhospitable terrain like a science-fiction film set. Nestled between sand dunes, the secluded pyramids seem to have been forgotten by the modern world, with no nearby restaurants or hotels to cater to tourists.

The Nubian Meroe pyramids, much smaller but just as impressive as the more famous Egyptian ones, are found on the east bank of the Nile river, near a group of villages called Bagrawiyah. The pyramids get their name from the ancient city of Meroe, the capital of the Kingdom of Kush, an ancient African kingdom situated in what is now the Republic of Sudan.

Around 1000 BCE, after the fall of the 24th Egyptian dynasty, the Nubian Kingdom of Kush arose as the leading power in the middle Nile region. The Kushite kings took over and ruled much of Egypt from 712 to 657 BCE. In 300 BCE, when the capital and royal burial ground of the kingdom moved to the Meroe region, the pharaonic tradition of building pyramids to encapsulate the tombs of rulers continued here.

Royal pyramids were built in Nubia approximately 800 years after the Egyptians stopped building their pyramids. More than 50 ancient pyramids and royal tombs rise out of the desert sands at Meroe. [Sorin Furcoi/Al Jazeera]

Royal pyramids were built in Nubia approximately 800 years after the Egyptians stopped building their pyramids. More than 50 ancient pyramids and royal tombs rise out of the desert sands at Meroe. SORIN FURCOI/AL JAZEERA
The Nubian Meroe pyramids are the best preserved of the more than 220 pyramids in Sudan. They are the burial sites for more than 40 Nubian kings and queens of the Kush kingdom. [Sorin Furcoi/Al Jazeera]

The Nubian Meroe pyramids are the best preserved of the more than 220 pyramids in Sudan. They are the burial sites for more than 40 Nubian kings and queens of the Kush kingdom. SORIN FURCOI/AL JAZEERA
Through the years, the pyramids have been plundered of all their wealth and left to the elements. Excavations began only in the mid-19th century. [Sorin Furcoi/Al Jazeera]

Through the years, the pyramids have been plundered of all their wealth and left to the elements. Excavations began only in the mid-19th century. SORIN FURCOI/AL JAZEERA
The Italian explorer Giuseppe Ferlini smashed the tops off 40 pyramids in a quest to find their treasure between 1800 and 1870. [Sorin Furcoi/Al Jazeera]

The Italian explorer Giuseppe Ferlini smashed the tops off 40 pyramids in a quest to find their treasure between 1800 and 1870. SORIN FURCOI/AL JAZEERA
What the Italian explorer found was brought back to British and German museums, along with samples of Meroitic writing and reliefs depicting historical events. [Sorin Furcoi/Al Jazeera]

What the Italian explorer found was brought back to British and German museums, along with samples of Meroitic writing and reliefs depicting historical events. SORIN FURCOI/AL JAZEERA
A few of the smaller pyramids have since been restored, looking new in comparison to their more battered neighbours. [Sorin Furcoi/Al Jazeera]

A few of the smaller pyramids have since been restored, looking new in comparison to their more battered neighbours. SORIN FURCOI/AL JAZEERA
The lack of facilities and the relatively long distance from the capital Khartoum partly explain why the area sees very few visitors. [Sorin Furcoi/Al Jazeera]

The lack of facilities and the relatively long distance from the capital Khartoum partly explain why the area sees very few visitors. SORIN FURCOI/AL JAZEERA
Fouzia works at the entrance of the site. 'Both Sudanese and foreigners visit the pyramids,' she said. 'But in the past, more people used to come. This year they weren't so many. Maybe all the news about Ebola and other wars in Africa scared the foreigners away.' [Sorin Furcoi/Al Jazeera]

Fouzia works at the entrance of the site. ‘Both Sudanese and foreigners visit the pyramids,’ she said. ‘But in the past, more people used to come. This year they weren’t so many. Maybe all the news about Ebola and other wars in Africa scared the foreigners away.’ SORIN FURCOI/AL JAZEERA
Abdullah is from Al Tarabil village, a few kilometres from the ancient burial site. 'This is our history. Here our ancestors are buried. We pay no tax for working here, but there aren't too many people coming to visit lately,' he said. In a good day he makes $10 to $16 offering tourists camel rides. [Sorin Furcoi/Al Jazeera]

Abdullah is from Al Tarabil village, a few kilometres from the ancient burial site. ‘This is our history. Here our ancestors are buried. We pay no tax for working here, but there aren’t too many people coming to visit lately,’ he said. In a good day he makes $10 to $16 offering tourists camel rides. SORIN FURCOI/AL JAZEERA
A visitor's permit, which costs $10, is required to visit the pyramids. The permit can be obtained in Khartoum from the Antiquities Service. [Sorin Furcoi/Al Jazeera]

A visitor’s permit, which costs $10, is required to visit the pyramids. The permit can be obtained in Khartoum from the Antiquities Service. SORIN FURCOI/AL JAZEERA
New efforts are under way to preserve the pyramids from the elements and damage caused by human activity. [Sorin Furcoi/Al Jazeera]

New efforts are under way to preserve the pyramids from the elements and damage caused by human activity. SORIN FURCOI/AL JAZEERA

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Esta pérola veio parar à minha caixa de correio electrónico, através de um amigo, e decidi partilhá-la com quem passar por aqui.

“Uma das histórias judiciais que ficaram célebres, na primeira metade do século XX, teve a ver com a defesa de um arguido acusado de chamar “filho da puta” ao ofendido, expressão que, na altura, era considerada altamente ofensiva.

Nas suas alegações, o escritor e advogado Ramada Curto começou por chamar a atenção do juiz para o facto de muitas vezes se utilizar esta expressão em termos elogiosos: «Grande filho da puta, és o melhor de todos!», ou carinhosos: «Dá cá um abraço, meu grande filho da puta!», tendo concluído da seguinte forma:
«E até aposto que, neste momento, V.Exa. está a pensar o seguinte: “Olhem lá do que este filho da puta não se havia de ter lembrado só para safar o seu cliente!”…»

Chegada a hora da sentença, o juiz vira-se para o réu e diz :
«O senhor está absolvido, mas bem pode agradecer ao filho da puta do seu advogado!»”

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